A modified critical test and its use in two dose titration trials to assess efficacy of praziquantel for Anoplocephala perfoliata in equids

Aims of this study with 43 equids naturally infected with Anoplocephala perfoliata in two dose titration trials were to document (i) the usefulness of a critical test with a 48 h treatment to necropsy period, (ii) efficacy of an oral paste of 0.5-2.0 mg praziquantel/kg body weight, and (iii) when after treatment would fecal egg counts provide best estimates of the tapeworm's prevalence in a herd. All feces passed by an equid after treatment and collected in successive 12 h batches were examined for tapeworms. At necropsy, tapeworms were identified as attached to the mucosa or unattached. Tapeworms were examined with a stereoscope and identified as normal or abnormal. Fecal samples were taken for egg counts at treatment and at 6 h intervals thereafter. In 32 of 36 treated equids, efficacy was 100% and mean efficacies for 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg praziquantel/kg body weight were 85.5, 99.7, 100 and 100%, respectively. Two equids treated with 0.5 mg praziquantel/kg body weight had low efficacies (5.4 and 38.1%) and normal tapeworms were found attached in the ventral colon and in one equid also in the dorsal colon. In seven untreated equids, tapeworms were primarily in the cecum with 21.3% detached. "Major fragments" or worms without a scolex but otherwise nearly a complete worm were 20.5% of the number of intact worms; they were not included in the efficacy analysis but should be. If the two equids with low efficacy were eliminated and if the number of all tapeworms and major fragments are combined less than 0.5% were in feces within 12 h of treatment, about 20% were in the 12-24 h period, 42% in 24-36h, 24% in 36-48 h and 13.5% in the equids at necropsy. One horse passed all its tapeworms in 24 h. This 48 h test when compared with a 24 h one with no examination of feces was more efficient in use of trial animals and reduced underestimation and overestimation of efficacy. However, a protocol similar to the 48 h test but with a 24 or 36 h post-treatment period should be investigated. The mean egg count peaked 18-24 h after treatment and samples taken at that time would provide the best estimate of prevalence. The Cornell-Wisconsin centrifugal flotation technique had a specificity of 100% and at 18 and 24 h its sensitivity was 94%. A brief discussion on critical and controlled tests for assessing efficacy of an anthelmintic for A. perfoliata is presented.     

Influence of Sini decoction on the proliferation and apoptosis of artery smooth muscle cells after balloon injury

AIM: To investigate the influence of Sini decoction (SND) on the proliferation and apoptosis of rabbit abdominal aorta smooth muscle cells after ballon injury and discuss the effect of vascular smooth muscle cell's (VSMCs) proliferation and apoptosis in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) restenosis (RS) and the feasibility of SND preventing post-PCI RS. METHODS: The animal model of rabbit abdominal aorta ballon injury was set up and the therapertic group was treated with SND. The shape of proliferative and apoptotic cell were investigated by electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed using α-actin,PCNA and Cyclin E monoclonal antibodies. In situ Cell Death Detection Kit was used to identify apoptotic cells. Abdomial aorta angiography was operated in the 84th day subgroup and the stenosis degree was evalued by quantitative angiographic analysis. RESULTS: As compared with the control group, the therapeutic group displayed a lower proliferative percentage and a higher apoptosic percentage (P<0.05). Moreover, the apoptosic peek time was on the 14th day after operation,which was longer than the control group. CONCLUSION: SND effectly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs and iuduced apoptosis in VSMCs.     

Effects of Sini decoction on the ultrastructure of small intestinal epithelial cells in rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion

AIM: To investigate the effect of Sini decoction (SND)on the ultrastructure of small intestinal epithelial cells in rats with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) Control group in which sham operation was performed; (2) Model group in which intestinal I/R was produced by clamping super mesenteric artery(SMA) for 1 hour and declamping SMA for 3 hours; (3) SND1 group in which SD (0.6 g/200 g rat) was given via stomach tube 3 d before intestinal I/R; (4) SND2 group in which SD (1.2 g/200 g rat)was given via stomach tube 3 d before intestinal I/R. A strip of small intestine was taken from distal end of ileum for electron microscopic examination. The two-dimensional structural parameters and three-dimensional structural parameters of mitochondria were calculated. RESULTS: (1)Morphological changes of small intestine: In control group, epithelial cells were orderly arranged, with normal mitochondria and intestinal villi. In model group, the gaps between epithelial cells widened. There were a lot of apoptotic cells. Microvilli were short and swelled. Mitochondria were swelled obviously with broken ridges. Endoplasmatic reticulum was severely dilated. In SND1 and SND2 groups, microvilli and epithelial cells were orderly arranged relatively, mitochondria was slightly swelled. (2) Structural parameters of mitochondria: In model group, there were the least mitochondria and the swelling of mitochondria was severe. In SND1 and SND2 groups, the mitochondria was more than that of model group and the swelling were slight. CONCLUSION: Sini decoction can protect small intestine from ischemia-reperfusion injury without dose-dependent effect.     

CTMAB-膨润土对水溶液中4种农药的吸附特性

用溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB) 制得改性膨润土, 研究了CTMAB-膨润土吸附水中甲萘威、甲基对硫磷、克百威、多菌灵的性能和适宜条件。结果表明: CTMAB-膨润土对水溶液中4 种农药有较强的吸附能力, 且与CTMAB 在膨润土上的实际交换量有关, 随着表面活性剂浓度的增大而增大; 但CTMAB 浓度≥4% 时, 实际发生吸附的农药就不再随着加入量的增加而增大。4 种农药的吸附等温线呈线性, 表明分配模式是主要的吸附形式。有机膨润土对4 种农药的吸附很快, 大部分农药在10 m in 内被吸附。pH 值变化对吸附有不同的影响, 并与农药性质有关: 低pH 值会降低有机农药的吸附量, 4 种农药在pH4～ 10 时吸附量较稳定,高pH 值导致多菌灵的吸附量增加, 而甲萘威、甲基对硫磷和克百威有分解现象。     

Effects of Sini decoction on atherosclerosis and ceramide content of aorta in rabbits

AIM:To observe the effects of Sini decoction on atherosclerosis(AS) and ceramide content of aorta in rabbits. METHODS:28 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Control group was fed with a normal diet; High cholesterol group was fed 1% cholesterol and 5% fat diet; Sini decotion+ high cholesterol group was fed 1% cholesterol and 5% fat diet plus Sini decotion (4.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1). At the end of study, the plaque area were measured, the atorta ceramide and cell apoptosis were also detected. RESULTS:Sini decotion diminished lipid plaque area on the aortic endothelium, reduced the levels of aorta ceramide and the apoptosis index. CONCLUSION:Sini decoction has an inhibitory effect on AS, the mechanism may be that Sini decotion reduces concentration of ceramide in aorta.     

转基因作物的生态风险性分析

本文从转基因作物对农业生态系统中生物多样性和土壤生物群落的影响、转基因作物的遗传污染、转基因作物对靶标昆虫抗性及对非靶标生物的影响等5个方面。分析了转基因作物的生态风险。     

济南市消费者对转基因食品的认知态度的调查与分析

为了了解济南市消费者对转基因食品的认知度和态度，分析影响当地消费者对转基因食品态度的主要因素及对转基因食品发展前景的看法，对当地不同人群随机发放问卷进行了调查。调查结果表明，当地消费者对转基因食品认知度总体较低，大多数消费者对转基因食品采取中立态度。被调查者的心理因素、认知度及其所接触的媒体等与对转基因因食品态度有不同相关性，以媒体相关性最为显著；大多数消费者对转基因食品继续发展持支持态度。媒体极端的负面报道可能会对消费者的态度产生消极影响。当前转基因食品发展相对忽视了消费者的消费需求，但转基因食品发展前景乐观。     

陈新宇教授运用“五脏整体观”治疗咳嗽临床经验举隅

咳嗽为临床常见病之一,往往反复发作,难以治愈。陈新宇教授提出运用内经“五脏整体观”理论分析病因病机,指出咳嗽不仅与肺相关,肾虚、脾湿、肝火均可引起咳嗽。临床治疗中陈教授多用伤寒原方加减,文中以桂枝汤、小陷胸汤、射干麻黄汤、小青龙汤等为例,系统阐述了陈新宇教授在咳嗽治疗方面的经验心得。     

白银斜发沸石的改性及对对硝基苯胺的吸附

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)制备改性斜发沸石,重点研究了改性剂的用量、改性时间、改性温度对改性白银斜发沸石吸附对硝基苯胺的影响.同时对斜发沸石改性前后的吸附性能进行了比较.结果表明,CTMAB改性的最佳时间为4 h,最佳浓度为10 g/L,改性温度对沸石吸附有机物的影响不大.改性斜发沸石对对硝基苯胺的吸附明显高于天然斜发沸石,且吸附等温线符合Frendlich方程.     

纳米银/丝素复合膜修饰电极对对苯二酚的电催化测定

以丝素蛋白质原位还原金属盐,制备出了对对苯二酚具有电催化作用的纳米银/丝素复合膜修饰电极。考察了不同酸度和扫速等因素对对苯二酚响应的影响,及对苯二酚在电极上的响应机制。结果表明:对苯二酚在该电极上有显著响应,在4×10~(-6)～1×10~(-3)mol/L浓度范围内,其氧化峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系,有好的检测限和灵敏度,用于实际样品分析结果令人满意。